Weird coincidences and angry writing.

V. WoolfIt was pretty much the best day of summer thus far, weather wise, yesterday, sudden rain notwithstanding.  Gaurav and I took advantage of the occasion to drive to a used book store in Port Colbourne (more accurately, Gaurav drove, while I offered occasionally insightful, but mostly snide remarks from the passenger seat).

At the book store proper, I was, of course, on my best behaviour, browsing, but leaving books on the shelves.  I’ll be moving soon, and adding more books to the library is irresponsible.  Also, I suspected once I reached the Virginia Woolf section it would be All Over.

My suspicions were apt.  It’s difficult to leave behind an American first edition of the first volume of Woolf’s diaries: particularly when the ex libris inscription takes the form of my name.

I’ve made it through the first six weeks, which, as editor Anne Bell points out, forms a kind of “prelude” to Woolf’s endeavour at diary writing.  Bell notes that after this six weeks, Woolf descends into an “aggressive and violent period” of madness.  While this madness is not necessarily present or predictable  in Woolf’s writing (the last entries record Woolf going to tea and buying a “ten & eleven penny blue dress”), one does have the sense that Woolf was, occasionally, a frustrated and angry person:

Considering that my ears have been pure of music for some weeks, I think patriotism is a base emotion.  By this I mean (I am writing in haste, expecting Flora to dinner) that they played a national Anthem & a Hymn, & all I could feel was the entire absence of emotion in myself  & everyone else.  If the British spoke openly about W.C.’s, & copulation, then they might be stirred by universal emotions.  As it is, an appeal to feel together is hopelessly muddled by intervening greatcoats & fur coats.  I begin to loathe my kind, principally from looking at their faces in the tube.  Really, raw beef & silver herrings give me more pleasure to look upon. (”Sunday 3 January,” 5)

Another entry from 5 January reads similarly:

The Times has a queer article upon a railway smash, in which it says that the war has taught us a proper sense of proportion with respect to human life.  I have always thought we priced it absurdly high; but I never thought the Times would say so.  [...] I bought my fish & meat in the High Street — a degrading but rather amusing business.  I dislike the sight of women shopping.  They take it so seriously.  Then I got a ticket in the Library, & saw all the shabby clerks & dressmakers thumbing illustrated papers, like very battered bees on battered flowers.  At least they are warm & dry: & it rains again today.  The Belgians downstairs are playing cards with some friends, & talk — talk — talk — while their country is destroyed.  After all, they have nothing else to do — (7-8)

There’s enough to be angry with: the war, the frivolity of female roles, Woolf’s exhaustion at maintaining a household and entertaining socially, and (elsewhere in the entries), the effect this exhaustion has on the quality of her writing (”I wrote all the morning, with infinite pleasure, which is queer, because I know all the time there is no reason to be pleased with what I write, & that in 6 weeks or even days, I shall hate it,” 9). It’s fascinating to see how much she restrains the anger in her writing, comparatively, in her fiction and essays; even in anger, however, Woolf writes with wit and satire.  One more reason to admire her, I suppose.

7 July 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Works Cited.

Woolf, Virginia.  The Diary of Virginia Woolf: Volume One, 1915-1919.  Ed. Anne Olivier Bell. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.

Gurr on Ben.

From Andrew Gurr’s The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642:

Jonson was far more openly opinionated than most of his fellow writers.  Quite apart from Sejanus, his Cataline of 1611 is almost certainly a fictitious presentation of the Gunpowder Plot and a defence of his own dubious  part in it (like Marlowe before him he seems to have found one source of finance in spying for the government).  He was a violent controversialist against several of his fellow poets in his contributions to the so-called Poetomachia, or War of the Theatres, in 1601-2.  With all this, however, he was also and always a passionate moralist, a running commentary on the follies of his times.  Whatever the players made out of what he sold them, his masques were always statements of opinion, moral and political.  The man who could write under a Stuart that ‘a good King is a publike Servant’ was brave as well as outspoken, and no acquiescent royalist.  Jonson was imprisoned in 1597 for writing a seditious play, in 1598 for killing a man (a player) in a duel, and in 1605  for another play, Eastward Ho! which he wrote along with Chapman and Marston for the boys of the Blackfriars, in which they satirised the King and his Scottish entourage. (36-37)

Part of me giggles and appreciates this portrayal of Jonson as intriguing spy-murderer-seditionist, but I think Gurr’s description may be the tiniest bit hyperbolic.  Cataline, according to Jonson’s preface to the play, was fairly unsuccessful (the play doesn’t seem to have been violently controversial enough to attract the same attention as Middleton’s A Game at Chess), and for all his “brave” advice to James, Jonson was far too dependent upon the income the court masques offered to truly criticise  the royal follies in that medium.

It’s a good paragraph, nonetheless.  More attention than Ben usually receives.

3 July 2009 ~ St. Catharines

It occurred to me recently…

I’ll be writing an MA thesis in about eight weeks.  This is not exactly news — I wrote the proposal eight months ago — but thinking about that time frame is a bit startling nonetheless.  I think my somewhat confused look in response to the “what are you writing” question is beginning to instill doubts in those around me, so I’ve decided to have another look at that proposal and draw up some tentative reading material for the rest of the summer.

For the record, I’m writing about the relationship between performativity, early modern stage conditions, and representations of female communities in Jonson’s Caroline drama.  Thus far I’ve been reading generally some of that previously unread  early modern drama and poetry (Marston, Brome, Nashe, Tasso, Lyly, Greene &c.).  It will probably also be productive to start having a look over some of the theory from which I’ll be drawing.  To this end, I’ve picked up more Judith Butler (yes, I will finish Bodies That Matter this time around) and Luce Irigaray’s Speculum of the Other Woman.  I also finally acquired Andrew Gurr’s The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642 (4th edition!), a work that is fun, though with a slightly puzzling preface.  Gurr observes that he originally released the work “long before New Historicism’s elevation of the anecdote as good history” (x).  I’m not certain if Gurr is attempting to distinguish his methodology from Greenblatt’s, or if  he’s merely claiming he got there first (it’s difficult to pinpoint the differences only 15 pages into the introduction, so I’ll have to leave this question momentarily unaddressed).

I’ve also been  editing the last chapter of last summer’s thesis.  It’s somewhat problematic in that it appears to be two strains of thought that never really come together by the end.  It’s a terrifying experience every time I reread it.  I shall have to avoid that kind of writing the next time around…

2 July 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Works Cited.

Gurr, Andrew.  The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. (And thank you, Gaurav, for finding this.)

Shakespeare biographies.

This is mostly how I felt about Shakespeare and Co. as well.

22 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Two things I have learned from Canto Seventeen…

of Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata:

I have successfully internalised the British claiming of Roman history (I found myself momentarily surprised that a line of Italian medieval kings and queens followed the catalogue of Latin ones. )

and

Epic catalogues make me sleepy.

Three more cantos left!

21 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Yet more Brome.

The Novella (now 30% more legible!)The Novella proved much easier to follow along than A Mad Couple, though I think I am more confused by this, the second play in Brome’s works.  At times The Novella seems to want to play with the structural similarities of comedy and tragedy; the errant letter trope, however, with which Brome produces effective comedy in A Mad Couple, and which Shakespeare uses to produce the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, is stillborn in The Novella.  At the same instant in which Flavia, summarising the contents of her letter aloud, declares her intention to throw herself to her death should her lover fail to meet her at the appointed time, Francisco reveals himself as the messenger in front of her (4.1).  Not only does he hold the potentially errant letter in his hand, but having already arrived to take Flavia away, eliminates the need for a plan depending on fortuitous timing (and so also elimainates the tragic potential  of the plan).  It’s somewhat disappointing: maybe that’s the point.  In Romeo and Juliet the play destroys all hopes of a comic ending (and there’s something satisfying in that).  The Novella gives us the comic ending, and it’s sudden, underwhelming, and absurd.

Or it’s possibly not the best play in the Brome collection.   Shall write of the  amusing The Court Beggar next.

13 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

It’s more or less official…

I’ve just accepted my new offer of funding, mailed out the necessary SSHRC forms, and, oh yes, graduated this morning.  I’ve got my degree (it’s sitting on my shelf right now), my new thesis supervisor (very strange that), and hopefully, in the next week, a new apartment.

I think I’m a grad student.

12 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

437!

The Muses’ fairest light in no dark time,

The wonder of a learned age; the line

Which none can pass; the most proportioned wit

To nature; the best judge of what was fit;

The deepest, plainest, highest clearest pen;

The voice most echoed by consenting men,

The soul which answered best to all well said

By others, and which most requital made;

Turned to the highest hey of ancient Rome,

Returning all her music with his own;

In whom, with nature, study claimed a part,

And yet who to himself owed all his art:

Here lies Ben Jonson.  Every age will look

With sorrow here, with wonder on his book.

Thanks, Sidney Godolphin, for the superlatives.  They’re all very true, I’m sure — especially that bit about the ages looking on in wonder (mostly they’re wondering who Ben Jonson is, but we’ll overlook that, just for today).

Happy birthday, Ben!

11 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Coffee at eight o’clock…

do not drink after six in the eve.is a silly idea[i].   Good thing I have lots of poetry to read.

7 June 2009 ~ St. Catharines

(Photo courtesy of Gaurav.  He’ll grumble if I neglect the credit.)

End Notes.

[i] a silly idea. However, having coffee with soon-to-be-famous trombonist/trumpeter rock stars certainly is not silly.

A Mad Couple Well-Match’d.

HPIM1122Yes, I resorted to visual notes in order to keep track of all the cons, bed tricks, and letters gone awry.  Brome’s A Mad Couple Well Match’d is an excellent play, though (I suspect my inability to keep up with the plot on first reading reflects more about my own attention span than Brome’s writing — though the edition’s weird type may be partly responsible for my confusion.)  Be wary: if the picture doesn’t entirely spoil the plot, the final paragraph below (following the excerpt) does.

Wat.  I have set on a course.

Car.  What, quickly, what is’t?

Wat. To set up a male bawdy house. [...] You are handsome, lovely, and I think able to do one Man’s worke, two or three such Gentlemen more which I know, and can describe to you, with the wayes I’le finde to bring in custome shall fill your purses –

Car. And empty our bones.  I ever had enough of one Mistress Variety would destroy me.  No Gentlemen can be able to hold it out.  They are too weake to make common He whores. (1.1)

While fortuitous timing allows Careless to (disappointingly) escape Wat’s plan, the play does disprove his assertion that Gentlemen are too weak to make “He whores.”  A Mad Couple is, I think, the first early modern comedy I’ve read where a woman actually wins the entire con game.  Lady Thrivewell arranges the bed trick that exposes her nephew’s profligacy, oversees the marriage of that same nephew to a wealthy widow, transforms the whore into a wife (again through marriage),  humiliates the wittol and his wife, and exposes her husband’s excessive sexual appetite.  She is the only character who possesses any reason or knowledge in the play, and Brome’s play doesn’t seem to feel the need to explain or excuse this phenomenon.  The final scene does end with the males explaining the plot to each other, and resuming their roles as patriarchs (Lady Thrivewell curiously absent while her husband delivers the epilogue), but their irrationality has already been exposed.

More Brome to follow.

31 May 2009 ~ St. Catharines

Works Cited:

Brome, Richard.  A mad Couple well Match’d. Brome’s Dramatic Works Vol.1. Ed. Shepherd.  New York: AMS, 1966. 1-99.

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